{"id":560,"date":"2026-09-09T05:05:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T05:05:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insureiqguru.com\/?p=560"},"modified":"2026-09-09T05:05:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T05:05:32","slug":"cyber-claims-made-vs-occurrence-insurance-which-policy-is-best","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insureiqguru.com\/?p=560","title":{"rendered":"Cyber Claims-Made vs Occurrence Insurance: Which Policy is Best?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"background:#f5f7fb;border:1px solid #dce3ee;border-radius:10px;padding:18px 22px;margin:0 0 28px\"><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cyber liability insurance types are primarily divided into occurrence-based and claims-made forms, each impacting how incidents are reported and covered.<\/li>\n<li>Claims-made policies are the industry standard for cyber risks due to the evolving, long-tail nature of data breaches.<\/li>\n<li>Retroactive dates act as a critical safeguard to ensure coverage for events occurring before the policy inception date.<\/li>\n<li>Extended Reporting Periods (ERP) provide necessary coverage for claims brought after a policy has been canceled or expired.<\/li>\n<li>Effective cyber risk management in 2026 requires balancing cost-efficiency with comprehensive coverage triggers that align with your business\u2019s digital footprint.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>In the digital-first business landscape of 2026, a cyberattack is no longer a matter of &#8220;if&#8221; but &#8220;when.&#8221; As organizations increasingly rely on complex cloud infrastructures, remote workforces, and AI-driven data processing, the financial fallout of a security breach can be catastrophic. Navigating the nuances of business cyber security insurance requires more than just checking a box; it demands a deep understanding of the policy architecture. Two of the most critical structural choices in a cyber insurance policy comparison are the &#8220;claims-made&#8221; and &#8220;occurrence&#8221; triggers. Choosing the right coverage is not merely a budgetary decision; it is a fundamental pillar of long-term cyber risk management 2026, as it dictates exactly which insurance contract will respond when a vulnerability is finally exploited, even years after the initial breach.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Understanding the Basics of Cyber Liability Insurance<\/h2>\n<p>At its core, cyber liability insurance is a specialized contract designed to mitigate the financial impact of digital threats, including data breaches, ransomware attacks, business interruption, and regulatory fines. Unlike traditional property insurance, which deals with tangible assets, cyber insurance addresses the intangible, often volatile nature of digital risk. When businesses evaluate cyber liability insurance types, they are essentially determining how they will transfer the unpredictable risk of network failure or data theft to an insurance carrier. The importance of this choice cannot be overstated because cyber incidents often follow a &#8220;long-tail&#8221; progression. A hacker might gain access to a server months or even years before the organization detects the intrusion or a customer files a lawsuit.<\/p>\n<p>Because the gap between the act of a hack and the discovery of that hack is frequently significant, insurers have developed specific methodologies to define &#8220;when&#8221; a loss occurs. This is the crux of the claims-made vs occurrence debate. In a professional liability or cyber environment, the primary goal is to ensure that there is no &#8220;coverage gap&#8221;\u2014a period where a business is left unprotected because the policy in place at the time of the event no longer applies, and the policy in place at the time of the claim has not yet been triggered. Understanding these basics involves recognizing that cyber insurance is not a static product; it is a dynamic agreement that must be carefully mapped against the digital architecture of the firm.<\/p>\n<p>Experts generally agree that businesses must conduct a comprehensive assessment of their data workflows before settling on a policy type. For instance, a firm that stores sensitive consumer biometric data faces a different risk profile than a manufacturing plant relying on IoT-connected operational technology. The former may face years of potential litigation following a breach, whereas the latter faces immediate operational downtime. Therefore, the chosen policy trigger must be flexible enough to handle the lifecycle of these threats. When comparing options, business leaders should look at the intent of the policy: is it to cover the actual physical incident, or is it to cover the financial and legal fallout that results from that incident whenever it happens to come to light? By distinguishing between these two, organizations can effectively align their cyber risk management 2026 strategy with their broader corporate governance goals.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Defining Occurrence-Based Cyber Coverage<\/h2>\n<p>Occurrence-based coverage is the more traditional structure, commonly seen in general liability policies. In an occurrence-based cyber policy, coverage is triggered by the date on which the actual &#8220;occurrence&#8221;\u2014or the act of the cyber incident\u2014takes place. If your business sustains a ransomware attack on June 15, 2026, while your occurrence-based policy is active, the policy remains responsible for that claim, regardless of when the claim is eventually filed against your company. Even if you choose to switch insurance carriers or cancel your policy in 2028, the carrier that was on the hook during the 2026 incident remains obligated to provide a defense and indemnity, provided the act itself occurred within the policy period.<\/p>\n<p>On the surface, this structure sounds highly attractive because it offers a sense of &#8220;set it and forget it&#8221; security. Business owners appreciate the idea that once they have purchased a policy, the obligation of the insurer is locked in for the life of that specific period, effectively shielding the business from future surprises related to past events. However, occurrence-based cyber coverage is extremely rare in the modern marketplace. Insurers generally avoid this model for cyber risks because of the inherent difficulty in pinning down the exact &#8220;date of occurrence.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Consider a persistent threat actor who manages to linger within a network for eighteen months before executing an encryption event. Is the &#8220;occurrence&#8221; the moment of initial infiltration, the moment of data exfiltration, or the moment the ransomware note appears on the screen? Because cyber events are often multi-stage processes that evolve over time, defining a single point of &#8220;occurrence&#8221; is legally and technically fraught with complexity. This ambiguity often leads to disputes between policyholders and carriers regarding which policy year should respond. Consequently, while occurrence-based coverage is conceptually simple, its application in the high-stakes world of modern cyber threats is functionally limited. Most businesses will find that this coverage type is virtually unavailable in the current commercial insurance market, forcing them to look closely at the claims-made model as the standard, if not the only, viable alternative.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:20px 0;font-size:16px\">\n<thead style=\"background:#f5f7fb;text-align:left\">\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Policy Type<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Trigger Basis<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Best For<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\"><strong>Occurrence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Date the incident\/breach occurred<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Stable businesses with predictable, low-complexity liability risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\"><strong>Claims-Made<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Date the claim is formally made<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding:12px;border:1px solid #dce3ee\">Modern enterprises with evolving digital threats and latent risks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>3. Defining Claims-Made Cyber Coverage<\/h2>\n<p>The claims-made model is the industry standard for virtually all professional liability and cyber insurance products. Unlike the occurrence-based model, which focuses on when the harm was done, a claims-made policy is triggered by the date when the claim is first brought against the insured, provided the incident occurred after the retroactive date. If a hacker steals customer records in 2026, but the breach is not discovered and a class-action lawsuit is not filed until 2028, the policy that is active in 2028 will respond to the claim, rather than the policy that was active in 2026. This structure aligns perfectly with the nature of cyber risk, where the timeline between &#8220;incident&#8221; and &#8220;realization of harm&#8221; is often extended and highly uncertain.<\/p>\n<p>For the insurer, the claims-made format provides essential predictability. It allows the carrier to assess the risks of the current year without the looming liability of unknown events from the distant past that were tied to previous policy years. This helps in underwriting and pricing premiums more accurately in a fluctuating cyber market. For the business, the advantage lies in the fact that the policy in force at the time of the claim is usually equipped with the most modern coverage endorsements, which are more likely to address current threats like sophisticated AI-driven social engineering or evolving state-sponsored ransomware tactics.<\/p>\n<p>However, the claims-made model requires diligent management by the policyholder. Because the policy must be active at the time the claim is made, there is a risk of a coverage gap if the policy is allowed to lapse or is canceled before the claim is reported. Business owners must ensure that they maintain a continuous stream of insurance coverage. If a business decides to switch insurance providers, it must be careful to properly transition the retroactive date to the new policy. A failure to do so could result in a scenario where the new insurer refuses to cover a claim because it originated before the new policy\u2019s start date, and the old insurer refuses because the policy was canceled. Choosing cyber liability coverage requires an ongoing commitment to the policy\u2019s continuity, transforming insurance from a one-time purchase into a strategic asset that must be monitored throughout the life of the business.<\/p>\n<h2>4. The Importance of Retroactive Dates in Cyber Policies<\/h2>\n<p>Within a claims-made policy, the &#8220;retroactive date&#8221; is perhaps the most significant provision. It acts as a backstop, defining the point in time from which the insurer will begin covering incidents. If your retroactive date is January 1, 2024, the insurer agrees to cover any claims arising from a breach that occurred on or after that date. Even if you only purchased the policy in 2026, the inclusion of an earlier retroactive date provides you with protection for incidents that happened during the period when you were perhaps uninsured or under-insured. It effectively bridges the gap between your history and your future, ensuring that the transition to a robust insurance plan does not leave you vulnerable to past vulnerabilities that have yet to surface.<\/p>\n<p>Managing the retroactive date is a cornerstone of professional cyber risk management 2026. When switching carriers, it is common for the new insurer to match your previous retroactive date\u2014a practice known as &#8220;full prior acts coverage.&#8221; However, if your company has experienced significant growth, changed its data storage procedures, or gone through a merger or acquisition, the insurer might be hesitant to provide full prior acts coverage. They may instead insist on a &#8220;hard&#8221; retroactive date that coincides with the start of the new policy, effectively leaving you exposed to liabilities from your prior period. This is where expert guidance is vital. Negotiating for the maintenance of an existing retroactive date is often a priority for risk managers who understand that the threat landscape is not neatly segmented by the year you sign your contract.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid dangerous coverage gaps, businesses should keep a meticulous record of their insurance history. This includes keeping copies of all previous policy declarations pages, which list the retroactive dates for each period. In the event of an audit or a claim, these documents act as proof of continuous coverage. If a company fails to secure a retroactive date that covers its past activities, it may find itself in a &#8220;no-man&#8217;s-land&#8221; where a latent cyber incident finally hits, but neither the current nor the past insurer is willing to provide a defense. This specific detail of cyber insurance policy comparison is often overlooked by business owners, yet it is frequently the difference between a fully covered incident and a devastating, out-of-pocket financial catastrophe.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Understanding Extended Reporting Periods (ERP)<\/h2>\n<p>What happens if you decide to cancel your cyber insurance policy, retire your business, or merge with a larger company? In a claims-made environment, once your policy ends, your coverage ends. However, because cyber threats are characterized by a long tail, a claim related to your business\u2019s actions could still be filed months or even years after you cease operations. This is where an Extended Reporting Period (ERP), often referred to as &#8220;tail coverage,&#8221; becomes essential. An ERP is an endorsement that allows you to report claims made after the policy expiration date, provided the incident occurred before the policy ended.<\/p>\n<p>Think of the ERP as a safety net for the sunsetting of your business or the winding down of a specific insurance relationship. Without an ERP, you would be strictly limited to reporting claims while the policy is active. If a breach is discovered only after you have closed up shop and allowed your policy to lapse, you would be personally or corporately liable for the defense costs and potential settlements, which could be ruinous. ERPs are particularly critical for businesses in sectors with high data sensitivity or those subject to strict regulatory oversight, such as healthcare or financial services, where the window for litigation can be exceptionally long.<\/p>\n<p>Most insurers offer ERP options ranging from one year to several years, or even &#8220;unlimited&#8221; tail coverage in some cases. While purchasing an ERP involves an additional premium\u2014often a multiple of your final annual premium\u2014the peace of mind it provides is invaluable. It effectively freezes your liability window, allowing you to walk away from a business entity without looking over your shoulder for potential cyber lawsuits. When conducting your cyber insurance policy comparison, it is wise to inquire about the terms of the ERP at the outset. Do not wait until the day you decide to sell your business or change carriers to negotiate these terms. Understanding how your insurer handles the &#8220;tail&#8221; is an essential part of a mature cyber risk management 2026 strategy, ensuring that your financial protection is as enduring as the digital footprint your company leaves behind.<\/p>\n<h2>Why Claims-Made Is the Industry Standard for Cyber<\/h2>\n<p>In the evolving landscape of business cyber security insurance, the &#8220;Claims-Made&#8221; policy structure has become the dominant standard. This preference is not arbitrary; it is fundamentally tied to the volatile and rapidly changing nature of digital threats. Unlike general liability or property insurance, which deals with tangible events like physical injuries or fire damage, cyber insurance must contend with threats that shift from month to month.<\/p>\n<p>The primary reason for the industry-wide adoption of claims-made policies lies in the &#8220;latency period&#8221; of cyber breaches. In many instances, a malicious actor may infiltrate a corporate network months or even years before the organization becomes aware of the intrusion. If a business were covered by an occurrence policy, the insurer would be on the hook for the policy terms that were active at the exact moment the breach began. Because cyber security protocols, encryption standards, and threat landscapes change so rapidly, underwriters find it nearly impossible to price the long-term risk of an event that occurred years ago but is only now being discovered.<\/p>\n<p>Claims-made policies allow insurers to reset their underwriting criteria annually. This ensures that the policyholder is protected against current, contemporary threats rather than legacy exposures that might no longer be relevant. Furthermore, because cyber liability insurance types are designed to cover costs like forensic investigations, notification requirements, and legal defense, these costs are usually incurred at the time the breach is discovered\u2014not when the initial security failure occurred. By aligning the coverage trigger with the date of the claim, insurers can offer more comprehensive protection that reflects the modern severity of data breach remediation.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the claims-made format provides a mechanism for &#8220;retroactive dates.&#8221; This allows businesses to switch insurers or update policies while maintaining continuous protection for prior acts, provided they have maintained uninterrupted coverage. This structure creates a dynamic partnership between the insurer and the policyholder, where both parties are incentivized to keep security measures up to date with the latest 2026 cyber risk management standards.<\/p>\n<h2>Cost Comparison: Claims-Made vs Occurrence Premiums<\/h2>\n<p>When businesses evaluate a cyber insurance policy comparison, the question of premium structure is often at the forefront. The cost profile of these two policy types differs significantly due to the way each handles the &#8220;long tail&#8221; of risk. Understanding these differences is essential for budget forecasting and effective risk management.<\/p>\n<p>Typically, a claims-made policy is cheaper in the initial years of coverage. Because the risk of a claim being filed against a brand-new policy is low, insurers often apply a &#8220;step-up&#8221; pricing model. In the first year, the premium may be significantly lower, increasing annually as the policy matures and the likelihood of uncovering historical incidents increases. By the fifth year or so, the premium usually reaches a &#8220;mature&#8221; level. This gradual price adjustment helps businesses manage their cash flow while still obtaining necessary coverage.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, occurrence policies often carry higher upfront premiums. Because an occurrence policy provides &#8220;forever&#8221; coverage for an event that happens during the policy term, the insurer must charge a premium that accounts for the potential liability for decades into the future. They are essentially pricing the risk based on the assumption that they will still be liable for that year\u2019s events long after the policy has expired.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to note that while occurrence policies may seem more expensive, they offer budget stability. With an occurrence policy, you pay a fixed price for a fixed period of protection, eliminating the uncertainty of future rate increases associated with the maturity of claims-made policies. However, since the cyber insurance market is heavily weighted toward claims-made, occurrence policies for cyber risk are increasingly rare and often come with very restrictive sub-limits or extremely high deductibles, which can offset the perceived stability of the pricing.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Claims-Made<\/th>\n<th>Occurrence<\/th>\n<th>Best for<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Initial Premium<\/td>\n<td>Lower (Step-up structure)<\/td>\n<td>Higher (Fixed pricing)<\/td>\n<td>Growing businesses needing manageable cash flow<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Long-term Cost<\/td>\n<td>Predictable increases<\/td>\n<td>Stable once purchased<\/td>\n<td>Organizations with long-term risk visibility<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Market Availability<\/td>\n<td>Widespread<\/td>\n<td>Extremely Limited<\/td>\n<td>Standard enterprise compliance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risk Management<\/td>\n<td>Encourages annual updates<\/td>\n<td>Less dependent on policy year<\/td>\n<td>Dynamic, high-risk tech companies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Risk Factors to Consider When Choosing Your Policy Structure<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing between cyber liability coverage structures is not merely a financial decision; it is a strategic security decision. When reviewing your options, consider the following risk factors that could influence your exposure in 2026 and beyond.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. The Discovery Gap:<\/strong> Does your industry have a high rate of delayed breach discovery? If your business manages sensitive intellectual property or operates in a sector where breaches often go undetected for long periods, you must ensure your policy\u2019s retroactive date is properly managed. A claims-made policy is often superior here because it incentivizes keeping the coverage &#8220;live&#8221; and aligned with current discovery tools.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Future Mergers and Acquisitions (M&#038;A):<\/strong> If your business plans to acquire other entities, your insurance structure matters. With a claims-made policy, you must ensure that you have &#8220;prior acts&#8221; coverage that extends to the acquired entity, or you risk inheriting liabilities that are not covered. Consult with your broker regarding the &#8220;tail coverage&#8221; or &#8220;Extended Reporting Period&#8221; (ERP) options when evaluating the potential for company growth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Technological Velocity:<\/strong> If your company frequently adopts new software, cloud architecture, or AI-driven tools, your security posture changes constantly. Claims-made policies allow for periodic renegotiation of terms that reflect these technological shifts. An occurrence policy, by nature, is more static and may not provide the flexibility needed to adjust coverage as your IT environment evolves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Regulatory Environment:<\/strong> Compliance with data privacy laws (such as GDPR, CCPA, or upcoming federal frameworks) often requires specific types of cyber protection. Because claims-made policies are standard, they are almost always drafted to meet the latest regulatory requirements, whereas older or rarer occurrence-based products may contain outdated definitions that do not provide adequate coverage for modern regulatory penalties.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Transition Between Policy Types Without Coverage Gaps<\/h2>\n<p>Transitioning between cyber insurance policies\u2014or switching from one insurance carrier to another\u2014is a high-stakes move. If not handled with precision, you risk creating a &#8220;coverage gap&#8221; where an incident occurs, but neither your old nor your new policy is triggered. If you are moving from a claims-made to an occurrence policy (or vice versa), consider these tactical steps:<\/p>\n<p><strong>The &#8220;Tail&#8221; or Extended Reporting Period (ERP):<\/strong> If you are ending a claims-made policy, you have a window of time to report any claims discovered after the policy termination date but related to events that happened during the policy term. Always evaluate the cost of purchasing an ERP. This acts as a safety net, allowing you to report claims for a specified period (e.g., 12, 24, or 60 months) after the policy expires.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Retroactive Date Management:<\/strong> This is the single most important element in the transition. When you switch to a new claims-made policy, ensure that the &#8220;retroactive date&#8221; on the new policy matches the &#8220;original retroactive date&#8221; from your previous policy. If the new insurer sets the date as the effective date of the new policy, you will have a massive gap in coverage for anything that happened between your initial security launch and the new policy start date.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Full Disclosure of Incidents:<\/strong> During the underwriting process for a new policy, you will be required to disclose all known incidents or circumstances that could potentially lead to a claim. Be thorough. If you fail to disclose a minor incident, the new insurer may deny any future claims related to that incident, citing non-disclosure, effectively leaving you uninsured for that specific risk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Working with Professional Brokers:<\/strong> Do not attempt to manage a policy switch independently. Specialized brokers who understand business cyber security insurance can help negotiate the transfer of retroactive dates and assist in procuring the right level of tail coverage to ensure that your risk management 2026 strategy remains intact during the transition.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3>What is a retroactive date in a cyber policy?<\/h3>\n<p>The retroactive date is the date on which your coverage actually begins regarding potential claims. Any breach occurring before this date is excluded from coverage. When renewing or switching policies, it is vital that this date remains consistent to ensure you do not lose coverage for past incidents that have not yet been discovered.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I purchase an Extended Reporting Period (ERP) if I change insurers?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, most insurers offer the option to purchase an ERP, commonly known as &#8220;tail coverage,&#8221; when you cancel a claims-made policy. This is highly recommended when switching carriers to protect you against claims that arise after you have stopped paying premiums for the old policy but are related to incidents that occurred during your time with that insurer.<\/p>\n<h3>What happens if I discover a breach after my claims-made policy expires?<\/h3>\n<p>If your policy has expired and you did not purchase an Extended Reporting Period (tail coverage), you will likely be uninsured for that breach. Because the claim must be &#8220;made&#8221; during the policy period, discovery after expiration generally falls outside the scope of the coverage unless you have secured prior acts coverage or an ERP.<\/p>\n<h3>Why are occurrence-based cyber policies so rare?<\/h3>\n<p>Occurrence policies are rare because cyber risk is not &#8220;static.&#8221; The nature of digital threats changes annually. Insurers are unwilling to provide long-term, fixed-price coverage for risks that may be completely different in five years. Claims-made policies allow insurers to adjust their risk models annually, which keeps the insurance market sustainable for both the provider and the business owner.<\/p>\n<h3>Does my business need both occurrence and claims-made insurance?<\/h3>\n<p>In most business environments, you only need one or the other for a specific type of liability. It is highly unconventional to hold both for the same risk. Given that almost all modern cyber liability insurance types are claims-made, businesses almost exclusively rely on claims-made policies to secure their digital operations.<\/p>\n<h3>How often should I review my cyber insurance policy structure?<\/h3>\n<p>You should review your cyber insurance policy at least annually, or whenever your business undergoes a major structural change\u2014such as a merger, the launch of a new product line, or a significant expansion of your data storage practices. Annual reviews allow you to adjust your limits and ensure that your retroactive date and coverage terms remain relevant to your current business model.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the right cyber liability coverage is a cornerstone of modern corporate resilience. As we move deeper into 2026, the complexity of threats\u2014from sophisticated ransomware-as-a-service models to AI-driven social engineering\u2014means that your insurance policy is not just a financial document; it is a critical component of your incident response plan. While the nuances between claims-made and occurrence policies can seem technical, the industry consensus is clear: the claims-made structure provides the flexibility and security necessary to protect modern businesses against the shifting tides of the digital landscape.<\/p>\n<p>Do not leave your business\u2019s future to chance. Evaluate your current coverage, consult with a specialized broker to ensure your retroactive dates are protected, and prioritize high-quality, comprehensive cyber liability insurance as a proactive measure against emerging threats. By making informed, strategic decisions today, you ensure that your business remains resilient against the cyber challenges of tomorrow.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ready to strengthen your cyber posture? Contact our specialists today for a comprehensive review of your business\u2019s current insurance coverage and start building a more secure future.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>By insureiqguru Editorial Team<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways Cyber liability insurance types are primarily divided into occurrence-based and claims-made forms, each impacting how incidents are reported and covered. Claims-made policies are the industry standard for cyber risks due to the evolving, long-tail nature of data breaches. 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Claims-made policies are the industry standard for cyber risks due to the evolving, long-tail nature of data breaches. 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